Phenomenon
The basic pattern of phenomenology is obviously “phenomenon”. Phenomenological philosophers specifically conducted the concept of phenomenon, albeit there exists various use, description and definition of the term, including in quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. As Vagle (2014, p. 20) explains that two main words “manifesting” and “appearing” can effectively explain the meaning of phenomena. Talking about “manifesting”, phenomena are the process in which we give relevance to the world through our everyday living (Vagle 2014, p. 20). Regarding “appearing”, it indicates that phenomena can appear in various ways. Simply put, phenomena is essentially what you perceiving, what your experiencing regardless of what is on the outside as it work.
Phenomenology
A paradigm means pattern, model or example, while Phenomenology as the paradigm of phenomenological research, supported the basic guidance towards designing and applying phenomenological research. The term phenomenology is originated from two Greek words: phainomenon (which means an appearance), and logos (“reason” or “word”, hence a “reasoned inquiry”), it is therefore indicate that phenomenology is essentially a reasoned study through exploring the inner meaning of appearances (Stewart & Mickunas 1974, p. 3). While as Stewart and Mickunas (1974, p. 3) stated that “an appearance is anything of which one is conscious”.
Phenomenology has been practiced in diverse area for a long time. But it was independently and heavily illustrated in the early 20th century by Edmund Husserl and extended by Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, to name a few. Phenomenology is originally aim to learn about the essence and nature of a phenomenon by reducing individuals’ experience (Crewell 2017, p. 76). Phenomenology is popular in psychology, sociology, and education area.
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“Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.”
--Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Smith 2016)
“Phenomenology is the science of phenomena as distinct from being (ontology). That division of any science which describes and classifies its phenomena.”
----Oxford English Dictionary